Type-writing machine.



No. 727,001. PATENTED MAY 5,1903.

c. H. SHEPARD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 12. 1900.

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No. 727,001- 7 PATENTED MAY 5, 1903., G. H. SHEPARD.

TYPE WRITING'MAGHINE.

ARPLIOATION FILED FEB. 12, 1900.

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yxlrmzsss I I INVENT I v BYJVM W q-ns ATTORNEY UNITE STATES Patented. May 5, 1903] ATENT FFICE.

CHARLES H. SHEPARD, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO VVYOKOFF, SEAMANS & BENEDICT, OF- ILION, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

T PE-WRITING. MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No; 727,001, dated May 5, 1,903.

7 Application filed February 12; 1900- Serial N01 4,84z7." (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES H. SHEPARD, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Brooklyn, city of New York, in the county of Kings and State of New York,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-WVriting' Machines, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to an escapemo ment mechanism for type-writing and other machines, and has for one object the provision of means whereby the machine is adapted for the use of operators of all. kinds -that is, those who manipulate "the keys at] speeds I5 ranging from high to low-the means being of such character that the spacingmechan ism as a whole automatically accommodates itself to the varying speed of the user or users.

In escapement mechanisms heretofore used for governing the letter-space movement of the carriage there has been provided a rack (straight or segmental or circular) which the dogs are adapted to alternately engage. One

of these dogs is normally in engagement with the rack and the other is normally disengaged therefrom, and upon the actuation of a type-operating key the first dog is withdrawn from and the second dog is brought into en gagement with the rack. In order that the 0 first dog may be disengaged from the rack, so as to move forward one tooth thereof, it is necessary that the second dog be engaged with the rack to a considerable or undue extent or width, and as a result of such undue 5 extent of engagement between the second dog and the rack a considerable interval of time must elapse between the release of the depressed key and'the disengagement of the said second dog from the rack, during all of 40 which time the carriage is held stationary,

'or,in other words, the carriage is unduly delayed in beginning its letter-spacing movements, thus causing letters to be printed on or overlapping each other or to be irregu- 5 larly spaced at the rapid operation of the keys. To remedy this difficulty, an escapement mechanism has been designed which comprises a holding-clog having two faces at an angle to each otherthat is to say, the

dog is beveled at the escape edge thereof and the rack-tooth passes from the straight to the beveled face of the dog immediately upon the release of the key; but this construction is, nevertheless, objectionable, for the reason that if the key is not depressed with su'lficient rapidity the escapement-wheel begins to move during the key depression, and the tooth thereof strikes upon the bevel-face of the dog, in consequence of which'an objectionable camming acting occurs which unfits the escapementfor the use of'those operators who do not manipulate the keyswith sufficient speed to cause the straight face of the holdingdog to jumpinto engagementwith the escapement-teeth.

As above stated, one object of the present invention is to secure that one and the same escapement mechanism shall answer for all classes of operators and to secure that the written letters shall always be properly spaced. Other objects in relation thereto will hereinafter appear.

A further object is to provide means for lockingthe keys at the completion of the line ofwriting.

To these ends my invention consists in certain features'of construction and combinations of devices hereinafter more fully described, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

The preferred form of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, .forming part of this specification, in which Figure l isa central vertical longitudinal sectional view of a type-writing machine embodying the invention. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the upper part of the machine shown in Fig. 1, with the framework partly broken away and in section and showing the carriage-escapement mechanism in normal position. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary plan View of the rear part of the machine'shown'in Fig.1. Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic rear elevation, partly in section, illustrative of the operation of the escapement when the key is depressed slowly or with a legato touch. Fig. 5 is a similar view illustrative of the operation when a key is depressed quickly or with a staccato touch and in which the release of the carriage for letter-spacing occurs before the impact of the type. Fig. 6 isa detail plan view illustrative of a key-locking action. Fig. 7 is a detail view, partly in section, upon the line X X of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a detail view in section upon the line Y Y of Fig. 4. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a stepping or feeding dog shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Fig. 10 is a detail perspective view of a dog-operating lever shown in Figs. 2, 4, and 5. Fig. 11 is a detail perspective view of an abutmentshown in Figs. 1 and 3 and indicated in Figs. 2, 4, and 5. Fig. 12 is a view similar to Fig. 8, but showing a modification of the dog-locking device. -Fig. 13 is a similar view to Fig. 12, but showing the parts in normal position. Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the escapement-lever and dog-locking device shown at Fig. 13.

In some of the views parts of the machine are omitted for the sake of clearness.

The same character of reference is used in the various views of the drawings to designate the same part.

1 is a base-frame; 2, uprights or standards thereon; 3, a top plate or type-ring secured to the standards 2; 4, one of aseries of typebar hangers attached to the ring 3; 5, typebars jonrnaled in the hangers 4; 6, types borne by the bars 5; 7, a rod pivotally connected with the type-bar 5; 8, key-levers pivotally connected with the rods 7 and provided with keys 9 at their forward ends and also with notches 10 in their upper edges at their rear ends; 11, a rib integral with base 1, forming a fulcrum for the levers 8; 12, springs attached to a cross-bar 13 and holding the key-levers in engagement with the rib 11; v14, space-key levers also fulcrumed upon the rib 11; 15, a universal bar underlying the type-key levers and space-key levers; 16, one of a pair of vertical rods connected with the universal bar 15 at its ends and hooking over a transverse bar 17; 18, a rock-shaftjournaledin lugs of adownwardlyextending plate or frame 19, attached to the top plate 3; 20, an arm extending forwardly from the rock-shaft 18 and bearing a transverse bar 17; 21, a spring hooking at one end over a bar of the frame 19 and attached at its other end to a collar 22, adjustable around the shaft 18 in a well-known manner; 23, rails borne by upstanding ears or lugs of the top plate 3; 24, a carriage running upon and guided by the rails 23; 25, a springdrum connected with the framework of the machine; 26, a strap connecting the drum with an arm 27, attached to the carriage 24; 28, a platen-carrier connected with the carriage 24inaknown manner; 29, a platen journaled in the carrier28; 30, asupporting-roll at the forward side of the carrier 28 and running upon a shift-rail 31; 32, a rack pivotally connected with the carriage by arms 33; 34, a pinion with which the rack 32 engages; 35, a shaft upon which the pinion 34is fast; 36, a bearing for the shaft 35; 37, a circular rack or ratchetwheel connected with the shaft 35 in any suit able manner, as by a backing-ratchet within a casing 38; 39, a graduated rack-bar pivotally mounted upon the framework of the machine, so as rock and also to move endwise a limited distance; 40, a compression-spring for holding the bar 39 toward the right-hand side of the machine; 41 and 42, left and right hand margin-regulators adjustable upon the bar 39; 43, an adjustable margin-stop for the left-hand side of the paper, adapted to be released from engagement with a coacting part (not shown) on the carriage by the rocking of the bar 39; 44, an adjustable right-hand margin-stop adapted to coact with a trip 45 upon the carriage to turn the bar 39 so as to raise a bell-hammer 39, fixed on said bar, and then to release said bar so that said hammer may fall and strike a bell 39 and 46 an arm on the bar39, which is engaged by an arm 47 of a release-rod 48, by means of which the bar 39 may be rocked at will.

The foregoing devices are substantially of the construction to be found in the well-known Remington No. 6 machine.

In that form of the present invention illustrated in the drawings the rock-shaft 18 is provided with a rearwardly-extending arm 49, to the end of which is pivotally connected the lower end of a vertical two-part rod 50, having a turnbuckle 51. The upper end of the rod 50 is pivotally connected to an escapement lever or rocker 52, which is pivoted upon a shoulder-screw 53, attached to a horizontal stud 54, extending back from the plate 19. The escapement-rocker 52 is formed 'with three arms, one of which is shaped to form a detent-dog 55 for engagement with the teeth of the rack 37. Another arm 56 thereof is adapted to coach with padded stops 57 and 58 to limit the motion of the lever in each direction. The padded stop 57 is shown as integral with a bracket 59, which is attached to the rear face of the frame 19 by means of a slot 60 and a screw 61, whereby provision is made for the vertical adjustment of the bracket and stop. Pad-stop 58 is attached to a vertical screw 62, which engages with a threaded hole in an arm 63 in the bracket 59 and is provided with a lockingm ut 64 for holding it in any adjusted position. A third arm 65 of the escapement-rocker is bent over at 66 to form a ledge whereon is provided an adjustable screw-stop 67 for a dog 68, which is pivoted at 69 to the lever-arm 65. Said dog is provided with an arm 70, extending along the arm 65 toward the pivot 53. A=

spring 7l.attached to the arm 65, bears against the arm 70 and is iensioned to press the dog 68 against the stop 67. The end of the arm 70 is provided with a circular or a disk-shaped enlargement 72, which is adapted to fit between the prongs of the forked portion of a lever 73', pivoted at 74 to the escapement-le- .ver 52. One arm of the fork of the lever 73 is extended, as at 75, in a direction substantially at a right angle to the direction of the lever 73, and near its free end the branch 75 isprovided with a lateral pin 76.

Attached to the vertical plate 19 is a hollow air-check cylinder 76, open at its lower end and closed at its upper end 77. Within the cylinder is a piston or check 78, provided with a rod 79, extending through a perforation in the head 77. The end of the rod is enlarged and provided with a transverse slot 80 to engage the pin 76 on the said branch 75 of the lever 73. Adjacent the head 77 is the cylinder, provided with a vent 81, connecting with the inside or hollow of the cylinder 76. The area of the vent 81 may be varied by an adjustable screw 82, which engages with a threaded hole in the metal through which the vent passes and closes the vent to a greater or lesser degree according to the adjustment.

I provide the dog 68 with a thin sharp lateral projection 83 and attach to the top plate 3 a blade 84:, preferably formed integral with its supporting-bracket 85, which is provided with a slot- 86 for the passage of a screw 87, by which it is adjustablysecured upon the top plate 3.

The operation of the above-described escapement will be described first in connection with Fig. 4, which is intended to illustrate the natural feed or, in other words, the action of the parts when a legato blow or stroke is made upon a key and the carriage is released during the return of the fingerkey to normal position. Upon the depression of a finger-key the universal bar 15 and arm' 20 are moved downwardly and the arm 49 and rod 50 are raised, thus rocking the dog-carrier 52 toward the right in Fig. 2. The dog 68 is carried upward and to the right in Fig. 2 and in front of the working face of the adjacent rack-tooth a, as illustrated in Fig. 4:, and at the same time the detent-dog 55 is moved out of engagement with the working face of a rack-tooth c, Fig. 4 illustrating the positions of the parts at the instant before the tooth e is released by the dog 55, which release occurs upon a slight further movement of the rocker toward the right. During the described operation the air-check piston has a normal movement from the dotted-line to the full-line position shown at Fig. 4:, the tension of the spring 71 being sufficient to overcome the resistance of the air when passing slowly through the vent 81 and hold the parts 73 and 68 in their normal positions rela tively to the moving escapement-lever Upon the release of the tooth e by the dog 55 the rack 37 turns forward or drops a slight distance until the point of the tooth Ct engages with the face of the dog 68. Upon the release of the depressed key after the impact of the type the parts are returned to nor mal positions by the springs 12 and 21, thus moving the dog 68 from in frontof the tooth a and moving the dog 55 in behind the back of the tooth e and in front of the tooth'fof the wheel 37, which is rotated by the carriage-driving spring upon the tooth a being released by the dog 68 and 'until the tooth f is arrested by the dog 55. This brings the tooth 1) into the position occupied by the tooth a in Fig. 4 or adjacent the dog 68, so that the paper-carriage is advanced one letterspace.

The action of the parts when automatically operating as a speed or reverse-feed escapement will next be described in connection with Figs. 2 and 5. Upon the depression of a key by a quick or staccato stroke the rocker 52 is quickly thrown to the right in Fig. 2 and the piston 78 and lever 73 are checked by the confined air, thus causing the dog 68 to swing independently upon its pivot 69 from the position shown in Fig. 2 to one in which the projection 83 thereon passes beneath the blade 84=that is, one in which the blade 84 is between the projection 83 and the stop'67. Thisindependent movementswings the point of the dog 68 to the right of the point of tooth a, and in position to arrest the ratchet-wheel 37 by contact with the next tooth 1) thereof as soon as the tooth e is released by the still moving dog 55, which release occurs just before the impact of the type upon the platen; but in advancing from the position shown in Fig. 5 until arrested by thedog 68 the rack-tooth b does not move at once to the position just occupied by the rack-tooth a, inasmuch as the dog 68 when struck by rack-tooth b is prevented from contacting with the stop 67, owing to the engagement of projection 83 on the dog with the fixed blade 84. Upon the subsequent relief of the depressed finger-key from pressure the parts are returned to normal positions by their springs, and during such return the dethe dog 68 it is secured that the dog 55, which is shown as being rigid with the rocker or carrier 52, will surely pass behindthe tooth it releases, and a more inexpensive construction is secured than would be the case were the dog 55 arranged to have a limited throw independently of its carrier to move it into position behind the tooth from which it is disengaged and no drop be provided for.

Referring now to Figs. 12, 13, and 14, it willbe observed that the detent or look 84 andthe lateral dog-tooth 83 are omitted and that the dog 68 is provided with a projection 68 and that a catch-lever 68 of the first order is pivoted at 68 to the escapeinentlever 52. The catch-lever is provided with a notched end to engage the projection (38 and also with an operating-spring 68 the latter being secured to the escapement-lever 52and bearing upon the other arm of said catchlever. Whenever the dog 68 is independently turned'upon its pivot, the said spring causes the catch to snap into engagement with the projection 68, so that the dog 68-is enabled to arrest the escapement-wheel 37 before the advance movement of the latter is completed and to hold said wheel while the dog 55 is returning to normal position, so that the latter is enabled to engage the tooth next to the one that it released in its withdrawing motion. Upon the return of the escapement-lever to normal position the springpressed arm of the catch-lever 68 is intercepted and arrested by an adjustable screwstop 68, mounted in a bracket 68 secured to the vertical plate 19 in a similar manner to bracket 59. As the escapement-lever completes its return movement the catch-lever turns independently upon its pivot and releases the-dog 68, which at once vibrates to normal position under the tension of the spring 71. It will thus be seen that at the rapid operation of a finger-key the check 78 has an abnormal movement or a movement not so great as when the parts are operated slowly and that by reason of such abnormal movement the dog 68 is caused to move to an abnormal position behind the rack-tooth a, so that upon the separation of the detent-dog 55 from the rack-tooth 6 during the movement of the type to the platenthe carriage is released, so that it can practically complete a letter-spacing movement independently of the return of the escapement-dogs to their initial position. Hence the checking devices operate to determine during the initial movement of the finger-key, universal bar, and connections upon which side of the rack-tooth the dog 68 shall enter, and therefore to determine whether the feeding movement of the carriage shall be natural or reverse, and such determination is made automatically before the normally disengaged dog 68 enters the path of the escapement or rack teeth and also before the normally engaged dog 55 becomes disengaged from the rack-tooth. It will also be observed that if the screw 82 should be turned in enough to nearly 01 entirely close the vent 81 the mechanism would always operate as a reverse feed, or, on the other hand, if the screw 82 should be removed the mechanism would always operate to produce the natural feed, it being understood that the vent 81 is sufficiently large to permit the natural operation of the feeding mechanism when the screw 82 is withdrawn from the vent. It will be further noted that by adjustment of the screw 82 the mechanism can be caused to operate as the reverse feed when the keys are operated at only average speed, or, if desired, it may be adjusted so as to open the vent, so that the mechanism will operate to produce the natural feed at all times, except when the very highest speed of operation is attained. For operators who strike the keys a quick blow, but do not recover the stroke, or, in other words, do not release the keys with corresponding celerity, the latter adjustment is preferable; but for operators who release the keys promptly at all times the former adjustment is preferable.

Again, in the case of operators who are able to release the keys promptly when writing 'upon single sheets, but who find it difficult to remove the fingers promptly from the keys after striking heavy blows thereon, as in manifolding, the improvement is especially desirable, because the screw 82 can be adjusted from time to time to suit the requirements of the work on hand-that is, the area of the vent may be reduced when single copies are being produced and may be increased when the machine is used for manifolding.

Thus by simple adjustment of a single screw the same machine can be adapted either for slow operators, who require the natural feed,

or for expert operators, who can advantageously employ the reverse feed at all times and in doing all classes of work, or for rapid operators, who can occasionally employ the reverse feed to advantage, but at other times require the natural feed. An operator of the class last mentioned upon discovering the carriage movement not to be sufficiently prompt to meet his speed of operation could turn the screw 82 so as to reduce the vent, or at other times in doing tabular or manifolding work or any character of work requiring a slower or more careful operation of the machine than usual or in case he should be too fatigued to operate the keys with rapid and precise movement he could enlarge the vent, so that the mechanism would produce only the natural feed. Other operators would doubtless find it possible to make such an adjustment of the vent as would enable the machine to meet all. their requirements, automatically giving the natural feed for work requring more than usual care and precision and the reverse feed where speedof operation is the principal object sought. Thus the mechanism operates as reverse feed or natural-feed according as the speed of the operation of the finger-keys is above or below a predermined rate or standard, an adjustable device being provided for determining at what rate of speed the operation of the escapement mechanism shall change from natural to reverse and either making the rate or standard so low that it would be impossible to obtain anatural-feed movement or making the standard so high that it would be impossible to obtain a reluv arm 91, fastened upon the top plate 3 by means of a screw 92. The said tooth S9 lies adjacent to a notch 89, formed in the arm 65 of the escapement-lever, but normally out of the path of movement of the escapement-lever. A spring 93, connected at one end to the said hook and at the other end bearing upon the bracket 91, is tensioned to swing the arm 88 forwardly away from the escapementlever. The movement of the arm 88 is limited by two lugs 94, formed thereon and forkinga vertical pin 95, fixed in said bracket 91. Sufficient play is allowed by the lugs 94 to permit the tooth 89 to move into the notch 89 The bar 39 is provided with a pin '96, depending from its under side, and

the arm 88 is provided with a spring-finger 97, the latter being fixed to said arm at 97. The pin 96is adapted to engage with the spring 97 at the endwise movement of said bar 39.

This movement of the bar occurs when the endwise direction and that said movement compresses the spring 40. During this movement of the bar the pin 96 moves the springfinger 97, and consequently the hook, about said pivot 90, causing the tooth 89 to move into the notch 89 of the escapement-lever, and so look the latter against movement. The finger 97 is made yielding, so that if the point of the tooth 89 should contact with the rear vertical face of the lever-arm while the latter is in Working position and be thereby arrested the movement of the bar 39 and the paper-carriage may nevertheless continue, as the said finger 97 yields sufficiently for this purpose, and as soon thereafter as the escapement-lever returns to normal position the hook 89 snaps into the notch 89 under the tension of the spring 97. The position of the parts at this time is illustrated at Fig. 6. By thus locking theescapementlever further movement is prevented of the connection 50, arm 49, rocking frame 20, links 16, universal bar 15, andkey-levers 8, thus notifying the operator that the end of the line has been reached. Should it be desired to write a few more letters to complete a word, the rod 48 may be moved rearwardly, as usual, so as to rock the bar 39 upon its pivots and disengage the .trip 45 from the lug 98, so that spring 40 may return the bar 39 endwise to normal position. The pin 96 upon said bar thus liberates the spring-finger 97, so that the tooth 89 is withdrawn from the notch 89 by means of the spring 93, and further movement of the escapement-lever, and hence of the finger-keys, is permitted, so that the machine may be operated until the trip 45 strikes a pin 99, fixed upon the adjustable sleeve 42 on said bar 39, causing a tion may be used without others.

' second and final movement of the bar 39 to locking position.

As the mechanism herein set forth includes many features which are broadly new, I do not wish it to be considered that the invention is limited to the precise details of construction and arrangement given, since many changes may be made without departing from the invention. Some parts of the inven- While I have shown the same as applied to a Remington No. 6 type-writing machine, it will of course be understood that it is applicable to type-writing machines of other construction.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows:

1. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a carriage and an escapement-rack therefor, of a reciprocatory escapement-dog mechanism, including apart which may be positioned automatically during the initial movement of the escapement-dog mechanism, so as to cause either a natural or reverse feed of the carriage, according to thespeed of operation.

, I 2. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a series of type-operating keys, a universal bar operated by said keys, a carriage,

an escapement-rack for said carriage, and a reciprocatory escapement-dog mechanism operatively connected to said universal bar and including a part which may be positioned automatically during the initial movement of the universal bar, so as to cause either a natural or reverse feed of the carriage,according to the speed of operation.

3. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with a carriage of an escapement-rack therefor, a dog normally engaging said rack, and a dog normally disengaged from the rack but constructed to enter the path of the rack-teeth as the first-mentioned dogis withdrawn therefrom, said normally disengaged dog being constructed to enter said path either in advance of or behind the rack-tooth adjacent thereto.

4. In atype-writing machine, the combination with a carriage, of a key-controlled adjustable escapement mechanism and means tion and arrangement being such that the escapement mechanism may operate either as a natural feed or as a reverse feed, and an air-check for determining in which of said ways the escapement mechanism shall operate.

I 6. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a series of type-operating keys and a universal-bar operated thereby, of a carriage, a rack, and an escapement-dog mechanism connected to said universal bar, said escapement-dog mechanism including both means, for releasing the carriage during either the initial or return stroke of the universal bar, and also means for determining automatically during which stroke of the universal bar the carriage shall be released, according to the speed of operation of the keys.

7. In a type-writing. machine and in aues capement mechanism, the combination with acarriage of an escapement-wheel therefor, having pointed teeth, a pivoted escape'mentlever havingpointed teeth or dogs, one of which is normally in engagement with said escapement-wheel, and the other of which is normally disengaged therefrom, the axis of said .lever being in a plane parallel with the thin edges of said pointed escapement-wheel teeth, so that said dogs work substantially in the directions in which the adjacent wheelteeth point, and the construction and arrangement being such that upon the withdrawal of said--normally engaged dog said normally disengageddog enters the wheel just behind the adjacent'wheel-tooth, and

such that the carriage is thereby enabled to practically complete a letter-spacing move' ment independently of the return movement of the escapement-dogs.

8. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with a carriage, of an escapement mechanism automatically acting as a natural or reverse feed escapement according as the speed of operation is above or below a given rate, and an adjustable device for determining at what rate of speed the escapement mechanism shall operate as a reverse feed.

9. In a type-writing machine and in an escapernent, the combination of a rack, aholding-dog normallydisengaged therefrom, and means for automatically adjusting the position of said holding'dog relative to the rackteeth to cause natural or reverse feed letterspace movement according as the speed of operation is above or below a given rate.

10. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement, the combination of a rack, aholding-dog normally disengaged therefrom, means for automatically adjusting the position of said holding-dog relative to the rackteeth to cause natural or reverse feed letter space movement according as the speed of operation is above or below a given rate, and an adjustable device for determining at what rate of speed the escapement mechanism shall operate as a reverse feed.

11. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement, the combination of a rack, a dog normally disengaged therefrom and movable in or parallel'to the plane thereof, means for holding the dog normally in position to engage with the front or working face of the adjacent rack-tooth on the actuation of a key,

and means for moving said dog into position in rear of said tooth whenever the speed of operation exceeds a given rate, whereby the letter-space feed movement is natural or reverse accordingas said operative speed is less or greater than a givenrate.

12. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement, the combination of a rack, a dog normally disengaged therefrom and movable in or parallel to the plane thereoflmeans for holding the dog normally in position to engage with the front or working face of the adjacent rack-tooth, means formoving said dog into position in rear of said tooth whenever the speed of operation exceeds a given rate, whereby the letter-space feed movement is natural or reverse according'as said operaheld in position to engage with the -front or working face of the adjacent rack-tooth, and means for moving said dog away from said stop and into position in rear of said adjacent tooth whenever the speed of operation exceeds a given rate, whereby the letter-space movement is natural or reverse according as said operative speed is less or greater than the given rate.

14. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination of a rack, a dog norm ally disengaged therefrom, a dog-carrier on which the dog is movable independently in or parallel to the plane of the rack, a stop against which the dog is springheld in position to engage with the front or working face of the adjacent racktooth, means for moving said dog away from said stop and into position in rear of said adjacent tooth whenever the speed of operation exceeds a given rate, whereby the letter-space movement is natural or reverse feed according as said operative speed is less or greater than the given rate, and an adjustable device for determining at what rate of speed the escapement mechanism shall operate as a reverse feed.

15. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination of a rack, a rocker, a dog movable on said rocker, and normally disengaged from the rack, a stop against which the dogis normally springheld in position to engage with the front or working face of the adjacent rack-tooth, a lever engaging with the dog, and'means for actuating said lever and dog to move the latter into position to pass in rear of said adjacent tooth whenever the speed of operation exceeds a given rate, whereby the letter-space IIS feed movement is natural or reverse according as said operative speed is less or greater than a given rate.

16. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination of a rack, a rocker, a dog movable on said rocker and normally disengaged from the rack, a stop against which the dogis normally springheld in position to engage with the front or working face of the adjacent rack-tooth, a lever engaging with the dog, means for actuating said lever and dog to move the latter into position to pass in rear of said adjacent tooth whenever the speed of operation exceeds a given rate, whereby the letter space feed movement is natural or reverse according as said operative speed is less or greater than a given rate, and an adjustable device for determining at what rate of speed the escapement mechanism shall operate as a reverse feed.

17. In a type-Writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination of a rack, a rocker, a dog arranged upon and movable relatively to said rocker and normally disengaged from the rack,a stop against whichthe dog is spring-held, and an air-check connected with the dog and operating to move the same into position in rear of the adjacent rack-tooth and away from said stop whenever the speed of operation exceeds a given rate and thereby to change the escapement from natural to reverse feed.

18. In a type-writing machine and in an escapenient mechanism, the combination of a rack, a rocker, a dog arranged upon and movable relatively to said rocker and normally disengaged from the rack,a stop against which the dogisspring-held, an air-check connected with the dog and operating to move the same into position in rear of the adjacent racktooth and away from said stop whenever the speed of operation exceeds a given rate and thereby changing the escapement from natural to reverse, and an adjustable device for determining at what rate of speed the escapement mechanism shall operate as a reverse feed.

19. In a type-writing machine and in an es-' capement mechanism, the combination of a rack, a rocker, a dog pivoted to said rocker and normally disengaged from the rack, a stop against which the dog is normally springheld in position to engage with the front or working face of the adjacent rack-tooth, a lever pivoted to said rocker and connected to said dog, a cylinder having a vent, and a piston arranged in said cylinder and connected to said lever, the whole being arranged to cause the movement of said dog away from said step and into position in rear of said adjacent rack-tooth whenever the speed of operation exceeds a given rate and thereby to change the escapement from natural to re verse feed.

20. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination of a rack, a rocker, a dog pivoted to said rocker and normally disengaged from the rack, a stop against which the dog is normally springheld in position to engage with the front or working face of the adjacent rack-tooth, a lever pivoted to said rocker and connected to said dog, a cylinder having a vent, a piston arranged in said cylinder and connected with said lever, the whole being arranged to cause the movement of said dog away from said stop and into position in rear of said adjacent tooth whenever the speed of operation exceeds a given rate, and thereby to change the escapement from natural to reverse, and an element adjustable to vary the size of said vent.

21. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a carriage, type mechanism, a ratchet- Wheel connected with the carriage, a rocker vibrating in or parallel to the plane of said ratchet-wheel and provided with eseapementdogs and operatively connected with the type mechanism, an arm normally disengaged from said rocker, and a yielding device, as 97, moved by the carriage, for engaging said arm with said rocker when the carriage has reached a predetermined point to lock the rocker and type mechanism against motion.

22. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination of a rack, a dog normally disengaged therefrom and adapted to be moved in front of the adj acent rack-tooth and movableindependently parallel with the rack, means for shifting or moving the dog independently into position to pass behind said tooth whenever the dog is moved toward the rack at or above a given rate of speed, and a detent device for holding said dog in said shifted position Whileengaged with the rack.

23. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination of a rack, a dog normally disengaged therefrom and adapted to be moved in front of the adj acent rack-tooth and movable independently parallel with the rack, and means for shifting or moving the dog independently into position to pass behind said tooth whenever the dog is moved toward the rack at or above a given rate of speed.

24. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with a carriage and an escapement-rack therefor, of escapement dogs constructed to cause either a natural or reverse feed of the carriage and an air-check so connected to said escapement-dogs as to determine automatically which kind of feed shall take place according to the speed of the key-strokes.

25. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with a carriage and an escapement-rack therefor, of escapement dogs constructed to cause either a natural or reverse feed of the carriage, and an adjustable air-check so con- ICC nected to said escapement-dogs as to determine automatically which kind of feed shall take place according to the speed of the keystrokes, the construction and arrangement being such that by adjusting said air-check, the rate of speed necessary to secure the reverse feed may be varied.

26. In a type-writing machine and in an capement mechanism, the combination with a carriage-rack, of a dog adapted to assume a position to effect either a natural or reverse feed, a spring for holding said dog automatically in position to secure a natural feed, means for moving said dog to a position to secure the reverse feed, and a check forholding said dog in the last-mentioned position.

27. In a type-Writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with a carriage-rack, of a rocker, a dog pivoted thereon, a spring for holding said dog in a position to secure a natural feed of the carriage, means for moving said dog automatically to a position for securing a reverse feed of the carriage, and a spring-pressed check pivoted on said rocker and adapted to engage said dog to hold it in the last-mentioned'position.

28. In a type-writing machine and in an escapement mechanism, the combination with a carriage-rack, of a rocker, a do; pivoted' thereon, a spring for holding said dog in a position to secure a natural feed of the carriage, means for moving" said do to a position for securinga reverse feed of the carriage, a springpressed check pivoted on said rocker and adapted to engage said dog to hold it in the last-mentioned position, and means for automatically releasing said check upon the return of said rocker to normal position, so that said dog may resume the natural-feed position.

Signed in the borough of Manhattan, city of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 10th day of Fehruary, A. D. 1900.

CHARLES 1 1 SHEPARD.

lVitnesses:

FLORENCE KEELING, B. O. STIOKNEY. 

